The studios behind crash games

Thirteen companies make almost every crash game you will ever see. The provider decides the RTP and the fairness mechanism, so knowing who built the game tells you more than knowing who hosts it.

Daniel Reyes, Editor-in-chief
Updated 20 October 2026

In slots, the provider is trivia. In crash games it is the whole story. Spribe fixes Aviator at 97% and an operator cannot touch it. Turbo Games lets operators choose Crash X's return between 95% and 97%, so the same game pays differently at two sites. Evolution ships Cash or Crash with a physical ball draw and no seed to verify; Stake ships Limbo with a hash you can recompute. The studio sets the terms. The casino just rents the game.

So before you pick a site, pick a studio. Below are the thirteen that account for essentially every crash title we cover, with what each one makes and where it is licensed. Each has a full page with the game list, the licence details and the operators that carry it.

Spribe

The studio that turned crash from a crypto curiosity into a casino category. Founded in 2018 with roots in Tbilisi and Kyiv, Spribe launched Aviator in 2019 and has since added Plinko, Mines, Dice, Goal and a handful of other instant titles under its Turbo Games label (not to be confused with the Estonian studio of the same name). Licences include the UK Gambling Commission, Malta, Ontario, Romania and roughly twenty other jurisdictions. Aviator sits in more than 4,000 operator lobbies, which makes Spribe the only crash provider whose flagship you can find in essentially any country. Spribe in detail.

InOut Games

A young studio, founded in 2023, with one hit so large it does not need a second. Chicken Road launched in April 2024, went viral on short-form video in South Asia and Africa, and by 2025 was out-searching Aviator in Pakistan. Chicken Road 2 followed in 2025. The studio targets the crypto and offshore market rather than the UKGC tier, which is why you find the game at 1win and 1xBet rather than at bet365. Its 98% RTP is the best of any mainstream crash title. InOut Games in detail.

SmartSoft Gaming

Georgia's other crash studio, and the only one that has competed with Spribe head-on since 2019. JetX arrived within months of Aviator with three bet slots and a progressive jackpot, and it still holds a real share at bookmakers in Europe, Africa and South Asia. Balloon, Cricket X, Football X and Helicopter X run on the same engine. The company is licensed by the Malta Gaming Authority as a B2B supplier and is, improbably, the official crash game partner of the Argentine Football Association. SmartSoft in detail.

Pragmatic Play

The slot giant's one crash game, and it exists for a reason: regulated European and Latin American operators wanted a crash title from a supplier they already had a contract with. Spaceman launched in March 2022 with a 96.5% RTP and the 50% partial cash-out that no competitor has copied. Pragmatic is certified or licensed in more than thirty jurisdictions and headquartered in Gibraltar, which is why Spaceman is the crash game at Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and Brazilian sites that will not carry Spribe. Pragmatic Play in detail.

BGaming

A Malta-licensed studio with a crypto-casino heritage and one crash title, Space XY (2021), at 97%. Its Plinko is one of the most-copied versions of that game. BGaming holds local certifications in Italy, Spain, Brazil and Peru, has iTech Labs and BMM test reports, and claims 3,000-plus operator clients. In practice you meet Space XY at crypto casinos and at a growing number of Spanish and Brazilian sites. BGaming in detail.

Betsolutions

The third Tbilisi crash studio after Spribe and SmartSoft, founded in 2015, and a much quieter one. Zeppelin (2020) is its crash game: an airship, dual bet, auto cash-out, 97% RTP and a 1,000x cap. The company does sportsbook engines, casino aggregation and Caucasus board games as well, and licenses through Curacao and Anjouan affiliates rather than Malta. Zeppelin matters because it reached ADM-licensed Italian lobbies early and is still one of the few provably fair crash games there. Betsolutions in detail.

Turbo Games

An Estonian studio (TURBODEV OU, Tallinn) making fast instant games for crypto lobbies: Crash X, Aero, a stack of Mines variants, the Vortex series and a growing set of chicken-crossing titles. Licences from the MGA, Romania's ONJN and the UAE's GCGRA. Crash X is deliberately bare, and its RTP is operator-set between 95% and 97%, so check the info panel. The studio claims 475 partner brands. Turbo Games in detail.

1Play

The studio behind Lucky Jet, the jetpack crash game that 1win pushes harder than Aviator. 1Play launched in 2021 and its distribution is almost entirely through 1win and its sister brands, which makes it the least transparent provider on this list: no public licence page, no operator count, and a corporate history that is hard to pin down. Lucky Jet itself is a competent Aviator clone at 97% with dual bets and a provably fair panel. 1Play in detail.

Aviatrix

A single-game studio founded in 2022 that added what Aviator lacks: progression. Players own and level up an aircraft, climb ranks, and compete in tournaments with prize pools that reached four million euros in 2025 and 2026. Licensed or certified in Romania, Malta, Spain, Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, Ontario, Sweden, South Africa, Brazil and more, with US approval in progress. It won Game of the Year at the 2024 EGR Operator Awards. RTP is 97%. Aviatrix in detail.

Stake Originals

The in-house games at Stake, the largest crypto casino. Crash, Limbo, Dice, Plinko, Mines and Hilo are the originals that every other crypto casino copied. Limbo runs at 99% with a 1,000,000x ceiling and a min bet of a cent. All of them are provably fair with the seeds exposed in the interface. Stake operates under a Curacao licence through Medium Rare N.V., so these games exist only inside Stake and its licensed sweepstakes sibling Stake.us. Stake Originals in detail.

Roobet Originals

Roobet's in-house titles, exclusive to the platform and provably fair. Mission Uncrossable (2024) is the one that matters: a chicken crosses a road, four difficulty levels, cash out after any step, 99% RTP. It is the game Chicken Road is usually compared with. Roobet is licensed by Curacao's Gaming Control Board under its 2024 regime, which is a step up from the old sub-licence model. Roobet Originals in detail.

Evolution

The live casino company, founded in Stockholm in 2006 and listed on Nasdaq Stockholm, with licences in essentially every regulated market. Cash or Crash (2021) is its only crash game and the only one in the genre with a real presenter and a physical draw. RTP is 99.59%, the highest on this site. Because Evolution sells only to licensed operators, you find it at UKGC, MGA and Ontario sites and almost never at the offshore brands that serve South Asia. Evolution in detail.

Elbet

A Serbian studio founded in Belgrade in 2002, now licensed by the Malta Gaming Authority, that supplies virtual sports, slots and instant games to bookmakers across Africa and the Balkans. Rocketman is its crash title: dual bet, jackpots, 96% RTP, and a presence at Mozzart Bet, Premier Bet and a long list of African operators that do not carry Spribe. Elbet claims 250-plus operator partners including four state lotteries. Elbet in detail.

What to take from this list

Three things. If a game is from Spribe, Pragmatic Play or Evolution, the RTP is fixed and the operator cannot lower it. If a game is a Stake or Roobet original, it is only available at that casino. And if a game is from Turbo Games or a smaller studio, open the info panel before you bet, because the return may be operator-set.

For the games themselves, start at the all crash games page. For where each one is licensed in your market, the countries hub is the quickest route.

Daniel Reyes

Daniel has written about online casino games since 2016 and has been playing crash games since the first Bustabit era. He owns the editorial standards on this site and signs off every global page.